mugen

battle

Developer(s)	Elecbyte
Initial release	July 27, 1999
Stable release	1.0 / january 10, 2011
Written in	C
Engine	Simple DirectMedia Layer
Platform	MS-DOS, Linux, Windows, macOS
Available in	English
Type	Game Engine
License	Freeware
Website	[1]

Mugen (stylized as M.U.G.E.N) is a freeware 2 chiều fighting game engine designed by Elecbyte.^[1] Content is created by the community, and thousands of fighters, both original and from popular fiction, have been created. It is written in C and originally used the Allegro library. The latest versions of the engine use the SDL library.

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Gameplay[edit]

The engine uses four directional keys along with seven buttons for gameplay (A, B, C, X, Y, Z and Start), in order lớn accommodate six-button fighters which use three punches, three kicks and a start button which is often a taunt.^[2] However, characters bởi not necessarily use all seven buttons, nor need lớn follow a traditional six- or four-button format. At most, two players can control characters, with others being controlled by the engine's AI (including Watch Mode, a tổng quát mode where the computer controls all characters). AIs can be brutal, strong or even weak. The mặc định AI for the engine however, can walk around, jump around, rarely attack and guard the player's attacks when the AI Level is mix lớn Hard. In addition, several gameplay modes are available via the main thực đơn.^[1]

The first gameplay mode is the Arcade mode, where a player controlled character encounters CPU controlled characters in a random or mix order which can be entirely customized. There are also three different kinds of Team modes: Single, Simul, and Turns. A fourth mode, Tag, is listed in the EXE along with two related script controllers, but was never used. In Team mode, either side can use any of the team modes. Single is identical lớn not having a team, Simul gives that side a computer-controlled partner who fights simultaneously, and Turns uses a different character for each round of play, varying through a mix number (usually from 2 lớn 4) of different characters in a row. If mix, the characters' starting life will be adjusted according lớn the number of players on each side. If one side has two characters and the other has only one in one of the Team modes, the two characters that are on the same side will each have half their respective normal maximum life values. Pre-Win M.U.G.E.N versions of the engine could have this feature adjusted or disabled via the options screen or the config tệp tin, but due lớn the nature of the hack, the option has not yet been reactivated. Team Co-op is similar lớn Simul, except that both human players fight on the same side and at the same time.^[3]

In Survival mode, there is an endless stream of opponents, fighting either one by one or two in a Simul match. The objective is lớn beat as many opponents as possible, with the game ending when the player's character or team is defeated, depending on the number of combatants that the player encounters in that custom version of the game. The player can choose lớn play alone or in Simul or Turns mode, though Single Player mode gives the highest life and life recovered at the over of each round won. Survival mode was the last addition done lớn the engine. As such, it is not present in any of the DOS versions of M.U.G.E.N.

Development[edit]

Mugen was initially created for MS-DOS by a group of developers from Ann Arbor, Michigan.^[4] The first public beta release launched on July 27, 1999.^[5] Development of the DOS version ceased when Elecbyte switched lớn the Linux platform in November 2001.^[6] For a time, Elecbyte had posted a request for donations on their site lớn legally obtain a Windows compiler lớn make a Windows version of Mugen. However, the development group discontinued the project in 2003 and shut down their site. Later speculation pointed at leaks made public of a private Windows-based Mugen beta that was provided lớn a small quantity of donors;^[7] a later investigation in 2022 stated that the original developers originally created Mugen as an college project and stopped development after the original developers graduated.^[4]

The meaning of "mugen" (無限) in Japanese, "unlimited" or "infinite", may have influenced the naming. Mugen later expanded into a wide variety of teams and communities such as Mugen Fighters Guild, Mugen Infantry, Infinity Mugen Team, RandomSelect, TheHiddenElect, Mugen Free For All, Unleaded Mugen, Mugen Archive, MugenBR, and Pao de Mugen, among many others. Community in-groups and out-groups formed, with websites often being categorized into factions of "creators" who made nội dung for the engine as artists and programmers, and "warehousers" who sought instead lớn redistribute others' nội dung for the sake of archival and fair use. Mugen also gained more mainstream press with the creation of the Twitch live stream called Salty's Dream Cast Casino (SaltyBet), where viewers can bet with fake money on CPU matches played using the engine.^[8]

The private WinMugen beta contained a two-character roster limit, locked game modes and nag screens. With the beta leaked and Elecbyte gone, a "no limit" hack that removed most of these limitations was made available in 2004 followed by subsequent updates lớn giảm giá with bugs and other issues. This version of Mugen is functionally the same as the last Linux release, though with subtle differences and unique issues mostly revolving around proper music and music plugin tư vấn. Because of the changes between the DOS and Linux versions of Mugen however, many older characters required at least the SFF files lớn be modified lớn show palettes correctly (notably on portraits) as well as some changes in how certain CNS script controllers functioned, causing some minor upset and those that could still run rẩy the DOS version in some khuông sticking lớn that, as well as DOS patches lớn downgrade characters lớn be compatible with the older version of the engine.

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In May 2007, a hacked version of WinMugen was released by a third-party that added tư vấn for high resolution stages at the cost of losing tư vấn of standard resolution Mugen stages. Later that month, another hack added tư vấn for high-res select screens. In July 2007 another hack based on the last high-res hack allowed for only the select screen lớn be high-res and not the stages. In December 2007, a hack from an anonymous source allowed both low-res and hi-res stages lớn be functional in the same build. As of June 2007, an unofficial Winmugen was also made available on a Japanese trang web.^[9][10][11] In mid 2007, Elecbyte's site returned, though not without some controversy as lớn the legitimacy of it, as it only showed a single logo with Google ads on the side.^[12] On July 26 a FAQ was added lớn the site, which went on lớn claim that they would release a fixed version of WinM.U.G.E.N before major format changes in the next version, and noted the formatting changes would remove compatibility in regards lớn older works: "Do not expect old characters lớn work. At all".^[13]

On September 19, 2009, Elecbyte made an unexpected comeback, updating their trang web with various features — including a diễn đàn and a downloads section, where a new build of Mugen was available. In September 2009, a full release of Mugen (MUGEN 1.0 Release Candidate) that includes various new features — most notably (official) tư vấn for HD resolutions, victory screens and language localization — was made available through the Elecbyte trang web. Although this build had various visual glitches and required a fair amount of adjustments lớn the previously made nội dung in order lớn be fully compatible with the new engine, Elecbyte has stated that it is their goal lớn have the new Mugen fully compatible with previously designed nội dung. On January 18, 2011, Elecbyte released a 1.0 version only for Windows, ironing out most bugs that were featured in the release candidates. It was compatible with almost all, if not all, of the previously made nội dung. After the 1.0 release, Elecbyte again ceased public activity for an extended time. In late April/early May 2013, a leaked copy of Mugen 1.1 alpha 4 hit the Internet. This version added stage-zooming capabilities and some other features, although as expected with an alpha, it had numerous bugs. A post was made on the trang web on May 11, 2013, regarding the forums having problems. However, as of May 28, 2013, the forums are back online.

In August 2013, Mugen 1.1 beta 1 was released lớn the public, which fixes many of the bugs from the 1.1 alpha versions. Additional releases for 1.1 were planned and being worked on. These releases were planned lớn include significant engine changes that would remove certain character development constraints that existed due lớn limitations of the old code.^[14] On July 8, năm trước, a fan-made port of Mugen 1.0 for Mac OS X was released by Mugenformac,^[15] built using the "Wineskin Winery" wrapper. It ran with few lớn no port-related issues. Version 1.1 beta 1 of the Mac port was then released on January 3, năm ngoái.

Since năm ngoái, Elecbyte's site went offline for unknown reasons, displaying a 403 message, except for pages pertaining lớn official documentation; Elecbyte's last activity was in năm nhâm thìn, promoting a crowdfunding for Rotten Core, a commercial fighting game that was approved lớn use the engine (the engine's license typically prohibited commercial usage). An open-source reimplementation project called I.K.E.M.E.N began development in 2010, adding additional features such as online play.^[4]

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Customization[edit]

Users who develop nội dung for the game engine are commonly referred lớn as authors. These authors create customized nội dung such as characters, stages and screen packs/skins. Often authors will port popular characters from 2 chiều fighting engines such as the Street Fighter series, or from TV, book, and game series such as Teenage Mutant Nin-Ja Turtles, The Simpsons, Pingu, Super Mario, Sonic the Hedgehog, Pokémon, Dragon Ball, Sailor Moon, and Touhou.^[16] Many authors will also create original nội dung.^[17] Many websites exist lớn showcase and disperse the developed nội dung and forms in what is often referred lớn as the "Mugen Community". Games that are built using the M.U.G.E.N engine often focus around a single franchise, such as Hyper Dragon Ball Z.^[18]

Due lớn the customizable nature of the game engine, no two versions of M.U.G.E.N are the same. Each person is encouraged lớn tải về their own copy of the game engine and lớn create or add nội dung lớn match their personal preference. Groups of M.U.G.E.N authors will often collaborate lớn produce a full game using the engine. These full games are available at a variety of quality levels and are released under the general M.U.G.E.N license. "Under this license, permission is granted lớn use the M.U.G.E.N Environment không tính phí of charge for non-commercial purposes... Elecbyte provides a M.U.G.E.N redistributable package, containing a minimal M.U.G.E.N Environment, that may be included with third buổi tiệc ngọt nội dung for redistribution."^[19]

Reception[edit]

With the dual status as a development tool and as a game itself, Mugen has often been reviewed in periodicals and magazines,^[20] usually exhibiting a large variety of works from various authors. GamesRadar named M.U.G.E.N as one of the "12 weirdest fighting games ever".^[21] In April 2017, Geek.com selected M.U.G.E.N as the "Game of the Year for 2017".^[22] In December 2021, An article from Collider namely "Top 5 Greatest Crossover Fighting Games of All Time" briefly mentioned M.U.G.E.N at Super Smash Bros. Ultimate section lớn compare the number of the characters that are on the roster.^[23]

See also[edit]

• Fighter Maker
• Beats of Rage

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• "Official Elecbyte website". Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2007.
• "Newagemugen.com website". Newagemugen, nội dung creator community & resource hosting forum
• Ikemen-GO on GitHub, an open-source reimplementation project written in Go