sao ke

From Wikipedia, the không tính phí encyclopedia

Alfred Sao-ke Sze Bạn đang xem: sao ke
施肇基
Alfred Sao-ke Sze as pictured in The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries
Chinese Ambassador to tướng the United States
In office 1933–1936
Preceded by	Yan Huiqing
Succeeded by	Wang Zhengting
In office 1920–1929
Preceded by	Wellington Koo
Succeeded by	Wu Chaoshu
In office 1911–1912
Preceded by	Zhang Yintang
Succeeded by	Zhang Yintang
Chinese Ambassador to tướng the United Kingdom
In office 22 January 1929 – 23 October 1929
Preceded by	Chen Wei-cheng
Succeeded by	Guo Taiqi
In office 20 June 1914 – 11 December 1914
Preceded by	Lew Yuk Lin
Succeeded by	Wellington Koo
Personal details
Born	10 April 1877 Jiangsu, China
Died	3 January 1958 (aged 80) Washington, D.C., US
Nationality	Republic of China
Spouse	Tang Yu-hua
Children	Mai-Mai Sze Szeming Sze
Alma mater	Cornell University

Alfred Sao-ke Sze (Chinese: 施肇基; pinyin: Shī Zhàojī; Wade–Giles: Shih Chao-chi; 1877–1958) was a prominent Chinese politician and diplomat during the most turbulent period in modern Chinese history.

Early life[edit]

Sze was born on April 10, 1877 in Jiangsu. In 1892, Sze moved to tướng Washington, D.C., with his father, who was an attaché of the Chinese legation to tướng the U.S. Sze graduated from Central High School in 1897. He became the first Chinese student to tướng graduate from Cornell University in 1901.^[1][2] He returned to tướng Trung Quốc in October 1902 to tướng work for the Peking Government.^{[clarification needed]}

Career[edit]

Sze served successively in the Ministry of Posts and Communications, the Jilin provincial government and the Foreign Ministry. In 1905, Sze was part of the Chinese delegation which visited a number of countries to tướng study constitutionalism. In 1908–1910, Sze worked in Jilin, during which time he dealt with the repercussions of the attempted assassination of Itō Hirobumi. In 1911 he was appointed Minister to tướng the United States, Spain, and Peru, but the eruption of the Xinhai Revolution and overthrow of the Qing government intervened and prevented his travel.

Under the Republic of Trung Quốc, Sze served briefly as Transport and Communications Minister and Finance Minister. From 1914–1920 he was China's minister to tướng the United Kingdom, and in 1919 he was part of the Chinese delegation to tướng the Paris Peace Conference.

Sze, along with Foreign Minister W. W. Yen, C. T. Wang and Wellington Koo, was part of a Chinese delegation which traveled to tướng the United States in the fall of 1921 to tướng negotiate with the U.S. to tướng impose a limitation of armaments on nhật bản and to tướng de-escalate tensions over Japan's aggressive, expansionist activities in Shandong.

From 1921–1929, Sze was head of the Chinese legation to tướng the U.S., representing the Peking Government and securing U.S. tư vấn to tướng contain Japanese aggression in northern Trung Quốc.^[3] In January 1923, President Li Yuanhong nominated Sze for the office of foreign minister, but of all the Cabinet nominations, Sze's alone was rejected by the legislature. However, Sze served briefly as acting foreign minister until the new appointee was agreed. In November 1928, Sze was again appointed minister to tướng Britain and delegate to tướng the League of Nations. He was replaced in the legation to tướng the U.S. by C.C. Wu.

In 1931, he was tapped as foreign minister again, but declined. At the time, he was actively representing the Republic of Trung Quốc at the League of Nations, denouncing Japanese military aggression in Manchuria and demanding the League's intervention. He warned the League that if it failed to tướng act, Trung Quốc would have no choice but to tướng re-arm. The League failed to tướng act, so sánh in December 1931, he offered his resignation. His offer was declined, and he remained at his post.

In January 1933, he was designated minister to tướng the United States once again. He presented his credentials in February 1933. In July 1935, after the United States and the Republic of Trung Quốc agreed to tướng raise their diplomatic missions from legations to tướng embassies, Sze became the first Chinese ambassador to tướng the United States. He was succeeded by C.T. Wang in 1937.

Xem thêm: yêu chiều fan hâm mộ

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Sze worked on obtaining arms from the United States in his role as vice-chair of the Trung Quốc Defense Supplies Commission.^[4]: 49

Sze was a founding thành viên of the World Bank and was a thành viên of the Advisory Council of the World Bank from 1947 to tướng 1950.^[5]

Personal life[edit]

Sze married Yu-hua "Alice" Tang. Tang's mother had been a lady in waiting to tướng the Empress Dowager Cixi, her uncle was Prime Minister Tang Shaoyi, and her cousin Tang Pao-yu was married to tướng Wellington Koo.

Sze's elder brother, Shi Sao (aka Chao) Tseng (施肇曾 pinyin: Shī Zhàozēng), born 1868, was also a prominent official and served as a diplomat in the U.S. from 1893 to tướng 1897. Upon returning to tướng Trung Quốc, Shi Sao held several senior railway posts, including Director-General of Lunghai Railways from 1913 to tướng 1922. Sze's younger brother, S.C. Thomas Sze, also attended Cornell and was later a director of the Chinese railroads. The chair of the Sibley School of Engineering at Cornell is named after S.C. Thomas Sze.

Alfred Sze had two sons and four daughters. Szeming Sze was the medical director of the United Nations from 1955–1968. Deson C. Sze was a banker and also served as a private secretary to tướng T.V. Soong. Mai-mai Sze was an accomplished painter, author, and model. Julia Sze-Bailey and Alice Wang lived in Manhattan and Boston, respectively.

Sze died on January 3, 1958, at the age of 80.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Sao Ke Alfred Sze (Shi Zhaoji) 施肇基 from Biographies of Prominent Chinese c.1925.